25 March 2004

Mr J F Nicholson
Secretary to the Bichard Inquiry
5th floor, 90 High Holborn
London WC1V 6XX

Dear Mr Nicholson,

As you know, on 16 March our delegation handed in to you, as the Inquiry Secretary, a letter signed by 36 organisations and prominent lawyers, requesting a broadening of the Inquiry’s terms of reference. 

You informed us then that the terms of the Inquiry are set by the Home Office and cannot be changed.  We later received a letter from you confirming this (dated 18 March).

We would like it noted that when we raised our concerns about the terms of this Inquiry with the Home Office early in January, before the Inquiry began, the Home Office written reply referred us to a list of government initiatives, first of all the Bichard Inquiry, without answering any of our concerns.  We had therefore to write to the Inquiry itself.

In view of the above, we now submit a new letter as Evidence to the Inquiry, not regarding its terms of reference but regarding the handling of the Huntley case by the criminal justice system, which we urge you to consider and publish on the Inquiry’s website and in any other place among the other evidence. 

We look forward to hearing from you about the serious issues we are raising. 

Yours sincerely

Lisa Longstaff and Claire Glasman

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Evidence to the Bichard Inquiry arising from the Soham murders

After Ian Huntley was convicted of murdering Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman, many people were shocked and appalled to find out that he had been reported at least nine times previously for rape and sexual assaults against young women, under-age teenagers and young girls, but was never convicted – all the cases were dropped, some not pursued in any way by the police. 

We list here what has been reported in the press:

August 1995 – admitted sex with a 15-year-old girl – no action taken  
April 1996 – allegation of sex with a 15-year-old girl – social workers alerted  
May 1996 – allegation of sex with a 13-year-old girl – Huntley not interviewed  
May 1996 – allegation of sex with a 15-year-old girl – the authorities claim she did not  
       want to bring charges  
September 1997 – report of sexual assault on 11-year-old girl – case dropped  
April 1998 – report of rape of 18-year-old girl – no charges brought  
May 1998 – charged with raping 18-year-old girl – case dropped  
February 1999 – report of rape of 17-year-old girl – police did not pursue case  
July 1999 – report of rape of 17-year-old girl – Maxine Carr gave him alibi

The police’s first reaction, when questioned about this after Huntley’s conviction, was to deny any responsibility, by claiming that they had to delete the information regarding Huntley from their computers because of the Data Protection Act.  Then, at the Inquiry, Humberside Chief David Westwood admitted that he had been “foolish” to blame the Data Protection Act.  But he did not take full responsibility.  Your 18 March reply to us says: “Sir Michael raised directly whether there was '… a culture in the force, and maybe in other forces, about underage sex involving 15 year old girls which mitigated against the additional work [we presume he meant the additional work of pursuing Huntley!]'.  The Chief Constable rejected this as regards Humberside.”

From our almost 30 years’ experience, only the existence of a pervasive sexist “culture” -- not only in relation to 15-year-old girls, but to women and children generally -- can explain why Huntley was not previously tried and convicted.

Some of Huntley’s crimes were dealt with as an isolated incident without any reference to the fact that there had been a number of complaints – a problem we have raised with the police several times in relation to other cases. 

Even when PC Michael Harding put some of Huntley’s crimes together in a 1999 report, which was passed to superior intelligence officers, it was deleted a year later from police records.  The Inquiry heard that PC Harding’s report described a pattern of attacks on girls he knew, and stated that: ". . . Huntley is a serial sex attacker and is at liberty to continue his activities." 

DI Peter Billam, former head of Grimsby's Child Protection Unit, was involved in three of the cases where Huntley had been accused of sex with underage girls, but he took no action and he claimed not to have realised the crimes were committed by the same man.  He stated to the Inquiry that he would have handled it differently had he realised the connection.  He told the hearing that the force’s child protection database was “unreliable” as an intelligence tool, and he rarely used it.  Counsel to the Inquiry, Mr Eadie, said that Humberside police accepted that the database was “almost worthless”.

Cambridgeshire Police who did the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) check before Huntley was appointed as caretaker at the school, admitted that an earlier report into their CRB systems found that the “[M]anagement and supervision of both the system itself and the staff operating it was not adequate and in reality non-existent”. 

But it is not true that “intelligence” was lacking in every case.  The youngest victim, aged 11, came forward after there was publicity in the local Grimsby papers about an attack on a teenager after she left a nightclub.  Both attacks ended up unprosecuted. 

We have seen time and again that when questioned, the police reduce their actions to bureaucratic “mistakes”, lack of funding, or lack of communication between the different officers, different police forces or different agencies such as the police, CPS and social workers. We do not accept that it is difficult to keep a record of a serial rapist or child abuser.  We do not accept that these excuses explain what really happened, they are merely an attempt to avoid facing and dealing with the root cause of the refusal to prosecute serial attackers like Huntley.

If Huntley had been prosecuted (or even cautioned) for these crimes, this would have saved not only Holly and Jessica, but his other victims, including ex-girlfriends who have since come forward to speak about the severe and sometimes life-threatening injuries (including miscarriage) they suffered.

There is a pattern with many serial murderers and rapists, where their earlier attacks against women and girls (and boys), often by partners or other family members, are not prosecuted at all, allowing the violence to continue and spread.  We cite only a few well known examples of this, but in our experience there are many others.  The Yorkshire Ripper was convicted after murdering at least 13 women over many years – many of his victims were dismissed as ‘only prostitutes’.  Fred and Rosemary West were reported for rape by a young woman years before the murders for which Rosemary West was eventually convicted, and visible signs of violence on their children were reported to school and hospital many times.  Dr Harold Shipman was also allowed to go on for years killing hundreds of patients – while they were mainly older women, he was a doctor respected by police, coroners and the medical establishment in spite of previous bad practice and suspicion expressed by some medical professionals.  Anthony Hardy, the so-called ‘Camden Ripper’ convicted of murdering two women last year, is believed to have killed many others – he had previously attempted to murder his wife; a dead woman with a head injury was found in his flat; and he was known by doctors to hate women, especially sex workers.  Yet he was not previously prosecuted or detained in a secure psychiatric hospital.

Although rapists generally rape not one but many women and girls, it is rare for cases to be put together for trial: an elementary policing method which would enable the pattern of violence to emerge and could produce many more convictions even where the victims are the only witnesses.  One example is that of Christopher

Davies, convicted after two women he had raped got together to bring a private prosecution with the support of the English Collective of Prostitutes, Legal Action for

Women and Women Against Rape – his victims had been discouraged first by the police and then by the CPS.  Davies was convicted on the same evidence the CPS deemed “insufficient”; unlike many other trials this time the evidence was properly presented by the private prosecutor and the witnesses who confronted head on the prejudices the defence used to undermine the witnesses. 

We believe that sexism and other prejudice are at the heart of negligent or even reluctant investigation and prosecution.  Women’s and children’s words and actions are torn to pieces while what men say is more likely to be believed and their actions excused.

We do not support government proposals to disclose previous convictions to the jury during the trial, as this would destroy the presumption of innocence central to any fair trial, and open the door to any and all offences being dealt with in this way.  Instead, an unbiased and thorough investigation and presentation of evidence by police, CPS and trial judge would begin to address the real obstacles to stopping violence against women and children. 

Until sexism and other prejudices, such as racism when the victim is a woman or child of colour, are officially acknowledged and tackled in the criminal justice system, and those who are responsible for perpetrating such sexism and other discrimination which stand in the way of justice, are disciplined, sacked and/or prosecuted for their criminal negligence, there will be little or no change.  Instead we will see, once more, violent crime used as a camouflage to advance political agendas which have nothing to do with winning justice and protection for women, children and other vulnerable people.

Women Against Rape

See below the names of organisations and individuals who share our concerns.

Black Women’s Rape Action Project
Bro Emlyn Peace and Justice Group

Burnley Women’s Aid
Deeside Women’s Aid
Enabling Theatre
English Collective of Prostitutes
Glasgow Rape Crisis
Global Women’s Strike, Ireland
Greenwich Mind
Greenwich Women’s Centre
Grampian Women’s Aid
Hackney Modern (children’s arts
organisation)
Independent Care After Incest & Rape
Information Service on Incest and
Child Sexual Abuse
Legal Action for Women
Leicester Rape Crisis
Lewisham Socialist Alliance
Magnet Women’s Support Group
National Association for People Abused in Childhood
North West Wales Rape Crisis and
Sexual Abuse Line
Payday, a network of men
SAIL (Sexual Abuse and Incest Line),
North Derbyshire
Salford Brook
School of Languages, University of
Brighton
Single Mothers’ Self-Defence
South Essex Rape and Incest Crisis
Centre
Stubbington Women’s Group
UNISON – Dudley Group of hospitals
Wages Due Lesbians
Wearside Women in Need
WinVisible (women with visible and
invisible disabilities)
Women and Health
Women of Colour in the Global
Women’s Strike

LAWYERS

Bundey, Ruth, solicitor
Charlton, Hugo, barrister, Green Party
(Home Affairs Speaker)               
Christian, Louise on behalf of Christian Khan Solicitors
Macdonald, Ian QC
Wilkins, Pat, solicitor

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Letter in the Guardian, 25 June
WAR article in The Independent, 6 Jan 2004
Letter to the Bichard Inquiry

Evidence to the Bichard Inquiry
Press release

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